期刊
CELL
卷 175, 期 5, 页码 1185-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027
关键词
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资金
- Comunidad Indigena Mapuche-Tehuelche Cacique Pincen
- Wenner-Gren Foundation [SC-14-62]
- Hellman Foundation fellowship
- NSF [A15-0187-001, BCS1632061, BCS1632144, BCS-1032255]
- NIGMS [GM007753, GM100233]
- Cancer Research UK [FC001595]
- National Geographic Society [9773-15]
- ANPCYT [PICT 2014-2070]
- CONICET [PIP 0414]
- ARC
- Environment Institute at Adelaide University
- Alphawood Foundation
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- DFG [FOR 2237, INST 37/706]
- NSF Archaeometry program [BCS-1460369]
- Pontifical Catholic University of Lima
- Northern Illinois University
- FAPESP [99/12684-2, 04/01321-6, 04/11038-0, 2016/1237-1, 2017/16451-2]
- Allen Discovery Center grant
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [04/11038-0, 99/12684-2] Funding Source: FAPESP
We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least similar to 9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by similar to 4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.
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