Cervical cancer screening in Germany

Cytological examination for the early detection of cervical cancer (CCS) has been available in Germany since 1971. Women over the age of 20 are entitled to aPap smear every year; however, thus far an organized screening program and personal invitations have been missing. The incidence rate of cervical carcinoma declined dramatically in the decades following the introduction of CCS, but the incidence rate has stagnated in recent years. The cause of cervical cancer is apersistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV tests have been approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for CCS for several years. Furthermore, since 2006, the HPV vaccination has been offered as aform of primary prevention. As part of the German National Cancer Plan, the European Guideline for Cervical Cancer Screening was implemented and adopted into the 2013 Law on Cancer Screening and Registration. The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) was commissioned with the implementation of an organized cervical cancer screening program. In April 2018, the G-BA published updated key points for the implementation of an organized nationwide screening program in Germany. While annual cytological screening for women between the ages of 20 and 34 will continue, women over the age of 34years will be given aco-test comprising a Pap smear and an HPV test, every threeyears. Women between the ages of 20 and 60 will be contacted by their health insurance provider every fiveyears and receive an information leaflet. After atest phase of at least sixyears, the new program will be evaluated.