期刊
BIOESSAYS
卷 40, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800181
关键词
African trypanosome; antigenic variation; gene conversion; protein folding; secretion; variant surface glycoprotein
资金
- United States Public Health Service [R01 AI035739]
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI035739] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
The process of antigenic variation in parasitic African trypanosomes is a remarkable mechanism for outwitting the immune system of the mammalian host, but it requires a delicate balancing act for the monoallelic expression, folding and transport of a single variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Only one of hundreds of VSG genes is expressed at time, and this from just one of approximate to 15 dedicated expression sites. By switching expression of VSGs the parasite presents a continuously shifting antigenic facade leading to prolonged chronic infections lasting months to years. The basics of VSG structure and switching have been known for several decades, but recent studies have brought higher resolution to many aspects this process. New VSG structures, in silico modeling of infections, studies of VSG codon usage, and experimental ablation of VSG expression provide insights that inform how this remarkable system may have evolved.
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