4.8 Review

Chemical Approaches to Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanomaterials derived from metal-organic frameworks

Song Dang et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Black Phosphorus and Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructure for Photoinduced Molecular Oxygen Activation

Yun Zheng et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Van der Waals Heterostructures Comprised of Ultrathin Polymer Nanosheets for Efficient Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting

Lei Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ionic liquids and derived materials for lithium and sodium batteries

Qiwei Yang et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

On the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of graphene-hBN van der Waals heterostructures

Sumit Bawari et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from Functional Triazine-Based Polymers with Tunable Band Structures

Zhi-An Lan et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Plasma-etched, S-doped graphene for effective hydrogen evolution reaction

Ye Tian et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lateral Fusion of Chemical Vapor Deposited N=5 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons

Zongping Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design

Zhi Wei Seh et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

3D Synergistically Active Carbon Nanofibers for Improved Oxygen Evolution

Yun Pei Zhu et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2017)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal-Organic Frameworks for Energy Applications

Hailong Wang et al.

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal-Free Carbon Materials for CO2 Electrochemical Reduction

Xiaochuan Duan et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Electrochemical Stimuli-Driven Facile Metal-Free Hydrogen Evolution from Pyrene-Porphyrin-Based Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework

Subhajit Bhunia et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Enhancing Photocatalytic Activity of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Codoping with P and C for Efficient Hydrogen Generation

Hao Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanocarbon for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Dopants, Edges, and Defects

Cheng Tang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of 9-Atom Wide Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons

Leopold Talirz et al.

ACS NANO (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

N,P-Codoped Carbon Networks as Efficient Metal-free Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Jintao Zhang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoparticle-Carbon Nanofiber Composite as an Efficient Metal-Free Cathode Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Gasidit Panomsuwan et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2016)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Self-Assembled N/S Codoped Flexible Graphene Paper for High Performance Energy Storage and Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Taslima Akhter et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Fluorine Tri-doped Graphene as a Multifunctional Catalyst for Self-Powered Electrochemical Water Splitting

Jintao Zhang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis beyond the ORR

Chuangang Hu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A facile synthesis of Br-modified g-C3N4 semiconductors for photoredox water splitting

Zhi-An Lan et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-step electrochemical synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped, high-quality graphene oxide

Khaled Parvez et al.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Phosphorus and Halogen Co-Doped Graphene Materials and their Electrochemistry

Lu Wang et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2016)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Charge transfer induced activity of graphene for oxygen reduction

Anli Shen et al.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edge topology

Pascal Ruffieux et al.

NATURE (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of halogen doping on nanocarbon catalysts synthesized by a solution plasma process for the oxygen reduction reaction

Takahiro Ishizaki et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2016)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Carbon-based metal-free catalysts

Xien Liu et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2016)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Self-Assembly Synthesis of N-Doped Carbon Aerogels for Supercapacitor and Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Junli Zhang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Mesoporous Phosphorus-Doped g-C3N4 Nanostructured Flowers with Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance

Yun-Pei Zhu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon/Graphene Nano-Sandwiches: Synthesis and Application for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

Jing Wei et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Preparation of Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Via Direct Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite in Ammonium Nitrate

Richard Gondosiswanto et al.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2015)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal-Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Liming Dai et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2015)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New advances in nanographene chemistry

Akimitsu Narita et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Graphene Quantum Dots Supported by Graphene Nanoribbons with Ultrahigh Electrocatalytic Performance for Oxygen Reduction

Huile Jin et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tunable Organic Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Reiner Sebastian Sprick et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Jintao Zhang et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles derived from acrylonitrile plasma for electrochemical oxygen reduction

Gasidit Panomsuwan et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light-induced hydrogen generation

Vijay S. Vyas et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

PAF-derived nitrogen-doped 3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Energy Conversion and Storage

Zhonghua Xiang et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-doped graphene by ball-milling graphite with melamine for energy conversion and storage

Yuhua Xue et al.

2D MATERIALS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Paper-Based N-Doped Carbon Films for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis

Sheng Chen et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2015)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Carbon-based electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage

Jintao Zhang et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

N-doped carbon nanomaterials are durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells

Jianglan Shui et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High Catalytic Activity of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Nanoporous Graphene in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Yoshikazu Ito et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sulfur-Doped Graphene Derived from Cycled Lithium-Sulfur Batteries as a Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Zhaoling Ma et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bottom-Up Synthesis of Chemically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons

Akimitsu Narita et al.

CHEMICAL RECORD (2015)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Ionic Liquid Based Approaches to Carbon Materials Synthesis

Zai-Lai Xie et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

Mingkai Liu et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphitic Carbon from 2D Covalent Organic Polymers for Oxygen Reduction

Zhonghua Xiang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Droplet on Graphite: Direct Evidence that the Edge Is More Active than the Basal Plane

Anli Shen et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons: Graphene-Assisted Formation and Synergic Function for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

Yang Zhao et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2014)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Nitrogen-doped graphene/carbon nanotube self-assembly for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in acid media

Chang Hyuck Choi et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Post modification of MOF derived carbon via g-C3N4 entrapment for an efficient metal-free oxygen reduction reaction

Sekar Pandiaraj et al.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Heteroatom-doped graphene materials: syntheses, properties and applications

Xuewan Wang et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Studies of Solvothermal Synthesis of Energy Materials

Kirsten M. O. Jensen et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

ZIF-derived in situ nitrogen-doped porous carbons as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Peng Zhang et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Functional materials derived from open framework templates/precursors: synthesis and applications

Jian-Ke Sun et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

N-, O-, and S-Tridoped Nanoporous Carbons as Selective Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Alcohol Oxidation Reactions

Yuying Meng et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

From Metal-Organic Framework to Nitrogen-Decorated Nanoporous Carbons: High CO2 Uptake and Efficient Catalytic Oxygen Reduction

Arshad Aijaz et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of structurally well-defined and liquid-phase-processable graphene nanoribbons

Akimitsu Narita et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2014)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions

Jinming Cai et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A hydrazone-based covalent organic framework for photocatalytic hydrogen production

Linus Stegbauer et al.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hydrogen evolution by a metal-free electrocatalyst

Yao Zheng et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2014)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Metal-free B-doped graphene with efficient electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction

Bhaskar R. Sathe et al.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-assembly of CNH nanocages with remarkable catalytic performance

Jing Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Functionalization of Graphene for Efficient Energy Conversion and Storage

Liming Dai

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2013)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications

San-Yuan Ding et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: Polyaniline-Derived N- and O-Doped Mesoporous Carbons

Rafael Silva et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Termini of Bottom-Up Fabricated Graphene Nanoribbons

Leopold Talirz et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Van der Waals heterostructures

A. K. Geim et al.

NATURE (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Three-dimensional B,N-doped graphene foam as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Yuhua Xue et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Atomically precise edge chlorination of nanographenes and its application in graphene nanoribbons

Yuan-Zhi Tan et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials as non-metal electrocatalysts for water oxidation

Yong Zhao et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The edge- and basal-plane-specific electrochemistry of a single-layer graphene sheet

Wenjing Yuan et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide multilayer films as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction

Dekang Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

B, N- and P, N-doped graphene as highly active catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in acidic media

Chang Hyuck Choi et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Foams as Metal-Free Counter Electrodes in High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Yuhua Xue et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sulfur and Nitrogen Dual-Doped Mesoporous Graphene Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction with Synergistically Enhanced Performance

Ji Liang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

BCN Graphene as Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Shuangyin Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for the Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Tim-Patrick Fellinger et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemically Active Nitrogen-Enriched Nanocarbons with Well-Defined Morphology Synthesized by Pyrolysis of Self-Assembled Block Copolymer

Mingjiang Zhong et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Electrochemistry

Oxygen Reduction on Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanowall Electrodes

Joshua P. McClure et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Edge-carboxylated graphene nanosheets via ball milling

In-Yup Jeon et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polyelectrolyte-Functionalized Graphene as Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

Shuangyin Wang et al.

ACS NANO (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Phosphorus-Doped Graphite Layers with High Electrocatalytic Activity for the O-2 Reduction in an Alkaline Medium

Zi-Wu Liu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Boron-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Lijun Yang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Toward N-Doped Graphene via Solvothermal Synthesis

Dehui Deng et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High oxygen-reduction activity and durability of nitrogen-doped graphene

Dongsheng Geng et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Preparation and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic H2-Production Activity of Graphene/C3N4 Composites

Quanjun Xiang et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Graphene Nanoribbons from Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes: Atomic Structures, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electrical Properties

Liming Xie et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polyelectrolyte Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Metal-free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

Shuangyin Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

On the mechanism of enhanced oxygen reduction reaction in nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons

Heejin Kim et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fluidic Carbon Precursors for Formation of Functional Carbon under Ambient Pressure Based on Ionic Liquids

Je Seung Lee et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ionic Liquids as Precursors for Nitrogen-Doped Graphitic Carbon

Jens Peter Paraknowitsch et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2010)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Zhen Ma et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Boron- and Fluorine-Containing Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Polymers: Metal-Free Catalysts for Cyclohexane Oxidation

Yong Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Graphitic Arrays with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction

Ruili Liu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through fully conjugated poly(azomethine) networks

Matthias Georg Schwab et al.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Excellent Visible-Light Photocatalysis of Fluorinated Polymeric Carbon Nitride Solids

Yong Wang et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Nanoporous Carbon Nitride Solids by Using Soft Templates

Yong Wang et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2010)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Growth Mechanism and Mass Production

Mukul Kumar et al.

JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Efficient Metal-Free Growth of Nitrogen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Plasma-Etched Substrates for Oxygen Reduction

Dingshan Yu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Unique Electronic Structure Induced High Photoreactivity of Sulfur-Doped Graphitic C3N4

Gang Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Controlled growth and modification of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes for multifunctional applications

Hao Chen et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Facile Ionothermal Synthesis of Microporous and Mesoporous Carbons from Task Specific Ionic Liquids

Je Seung Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2009)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal-organic framework as a template for porous carbon synthesis

Bo Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2008)