期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 31, 期 13, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804863
关键词
carbon; chemical approaches; electrocatalysts; metal-free catalysts; photocatalysts
类别
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0206500]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51732002, 21720102002, 21620102007]
- Distinguished Scientist Program at BUCT [buctylkxj02]
- Open-funding Program of the State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites [oic-201701002]
- 111 project of China [B14004]
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BUCT
- CWRU
- NSF [CMMI-1400274]
- NASA [NNX16AD48A, NNC16CA42C]
- EC under Graphene Flagship [CNECT-ICT-604391]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division
Highly active and durable catalysts play a key role in clean energy technologies. However, the high cost, low reserves, and poor stability of noble-metal-based catalysts have hindered the large-scale development of renewable energy. Owing to their low cost, earth abundance, high activity, and excellent stability, carbon-based metal-free catalysts (CMFCs) are promising alternatives to precious-metal-based catalysts. Although many synthetic methods based on solution, surface/interface, solid state, and noncovalent chemistries have been developed for producing numerous CMFCs with diverse structures and functionalities, there is still a lack of effective approaches to precisely control the structures of active sites. Therefore, novel chemical approaches are needed for the development of h ighly active and durable CMFCs that are capable of replacing precious-metal catalysts for large-scale applications. Herein, a comprehensive and critical review on chemical approaches to CMFCs is given by summarizing important advancements, current challenges, and future perspectives in this emerging field. Through such a critical review, our understanding of CMFCs and the associated synthetic processes will be significantly increased.
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