期刊
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
卷 4, 期 4, 页码 E117-E126出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu092
关键词
HIV-exposed; pneumonia; treatment outcomes; uninfected
资金
- Early Career Award from the Thrasher Research Fund
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Pincus Family Foundation
- Penn Center for AIDS Research
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P30-AI045008]
- International AIDS Society
- ViiV Healthcare
- National Institutes of Health through the Duke Center for AIDS Research [P30-AI064518]
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HIV-EU) children are at increased risk of infectious illnesses and mortality compared with children of HIV-negative mothers (HIV-unexposed). However, treatment outcomes for lower respiratory tract infections among HIV-EU children remain poorly defined. Methods. We conducted a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of N= 238 children aged 1-23 months with pneumonia, defined by theWorldHealthOrganization. Childrenwere recruited within 6 hours of presentation to a tertiary hospital in Botswana. The primary outcome-treatment failure at 48 hours-was assessed by an investigator blinded to HIV exposure status. Results. Median age was 6.0 months; 55% were male. One hundred fifty-three (64%) children were HIVunexposed, 64 (27%) were HIV-EU, and 20 (8%) were HIV-infected; the HIV exposure status of 1 child could not be established. Treatment failure at 48 hours occurred in 79 (33%) children, including in 36 (24%) HIVunexposed, 30 (47%) HIV-EU, and 12 (60%) HIV-infected children. In multivariable analyses, HIV-EU children were more likely to fail treatment at 48 hours (risk ratio [RR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-2.64, P =.001) and had higher in-hospital mortality (RR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.44-12.87, P =.01) than HIV-unexposed children. Differences in outcomes by HIV exposure status were observed only among children under 6 months of age. HIV-EU children more frequently received treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin, but this did not reduce the risk of treatment failure in this group. Conclusions. HIV-EU children with pneumonia have higher rates of treatment failure and in-hospital mortality than HIV-unexposed children during the first 6 months of life. Treatment with a third-generation cephalosporins did not improve outcomes among HIV-EU children.
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