期刊
JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
卷 60, 期 -, 页码 S43-S62出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr037
关键词
phase contrast; phase plate; Zernike; single particle; tomography
类别
资金
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT)
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
It has been six decades since the concept of phase-plate electron microscopy was first reported by Boersch, but an experimental report on a phase plate with a theoretically rational performance has only recently been released by a group including the present author. Currently, many laboratories around the world are attempting to develop a wide range of phase plates to enhance the capabilities of transmission electron microscopy. They are reporting not only advantages of their own developments but also a fundamental problem inherent to electron beam devices, namely charging, i.e. the accumulation of electrostatic charge. In this report, we review the 60-year history of phase-plate development, with a particular focus on the fundamental issue of phase-plate charging. Next, we review biological applications of qualified phase plates, which have been successful in avoiding charging to some extent. Finally, we compare and discuss electron microscopic images, taken with or without phase plates, of biological targets such as proteins (GroEL and TRPV4), protein complexes (flagellar motor), viruses (T4 phage, epsilon-15 phage and herpes simplex virus), bacterial (cyanobacteria) and mammalian (PtK2) cells.
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