Lithospheric Control on Asthenospheric Flow From the Iceland Plume: 3-D Density Modeling of the Jan Mayen-East Greenland Region, NE Atlantic

The density structure of the oceanic lithosphere north of Iceland is key for understanding the effects of the Iceland plume on the greater Jan Mayen-East Greenland Region. We obtain the 3-D density structure of the sediments and the crust from regional reflection and refraction seismic lines. The temperature and related density structures of the mantle between 50 and 250 km are derived from a shear wave velocity (Vs) tomography model. To assess the density between the Moho and 50-km depth, we combine forward and inverse 3-D gravity modeling. Beneath the Middle Kolbeinsey Ridge (MKR) region, a deep, broad negative mantle density anomaly occurs under the Kolbeinsey Ridge. It is overlain by a narrower uppermost mantle NE-SW elongated negative density anomaly, which is increasingly displaced eastward of the spreading axis northward. It crosses the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and becomes weaker approaching the Mohn's spreading ridge. The effect of this anomaly is consistent with significantly shallower basement on the eastern side of the MKR. We interpret this as the result of thermal erosion of the lithosphere by hot asthenospheric flow out from the Iceland plume, possibly the main driver for several eastward jumps of the MKR during the last 5.5 Ma. The cause for the deviation of the flow may be that the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone is easier to cross in a region where the difference in lithospheric thickness is small. That implies that the bottom lithospheric topography exerts a regional but not local influence on upper asthenospheric flow.