Circum-Arctic mantle structure and long-wavelength topography since the Jurassic

The circum-Arctic is one of the most tectonically complex regions of the world, shaped by a history of ocean basin opening and closure since the Early Jurassic. The region is characterized by contemporaneous large-scale Cenozoic exhumation extending from Alaska to the Atlantic, but its driving force is unknown. We show that the mantle flow associated with subducted slabs of the South Anuyi, Mongol-Okhotsk, and Panthalassa oceans have imparted long-wavelength deflection on overriding plates. We identify the Jurassic-Cretaceous South Anuyi slab under present-day Greenland in seismic tomography and numerical mantle flow models. Under North America, we propose the Farallon slab results from Andean-style ocean-continent convergence around similar to 30 degrees N and from a combination of ocean-continent and intraoceanic subduction north of 50 degrees N. We compute circum-Arctic dynamic topography through time from subduction-driven convection models and find that slabs have imparted on average <1-16m/Myr of dynamic subsidence across the region from at least 170Ma to similar to 50Ma. With the exception of Siberia, the main phase of circum-Arctic dynamic subsidence has been followed either by slowed subsidence or by uplift of <1-6m/Myr on average to present day. Comparing these results to geological inferences suggest that subduction-driven dynamic topography can account for rapid Middle to Late Jurassic subsidence in the Slave Craton and North Slope (respectively, <15 and 21m/Myr, between 170 and 130Ma) and for dynamic subsidence (<7m/Myr, similar to 170-50Ma) followed by dynamic uplift (<6m/Myr since 50Ma) of the Barents Sea region. Combining detailed kinematic reconstructions with geodynamic modeling and key geological observations constitutes a powerful tool to investigate the origin of vertical motion in remote regions.