期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
卷 118, 期 15, 页码 8208-8221出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50639
关键词
stable isotope ratios; water vapor; convective boundary layer; transition layer; mixing model; moisture transport
资金
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- National Science Foundation Early Career and Climate and Large-scale Dynamics programs [AGS-0955841]
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
The subtropical convective boundary layer (CBL) plays a critical role in climate by regulating the vertical exchange of moisture, energy, trace gases, and pollutants between the ocean surface and free troposphere. Yet bulk features of this exchange are poorly constrained in climate models. To improve our understanding of moisture transport between the boundary layer and free troposphere, paired measurements of water vapor mixing ratio and the stable isotope ratio O-18/O-16 are used to evaluate moist convective mixing and entrainment processes near the Big Island of Hawaii. Profile data from the island's east side are consistent with moist adiabatic processes below the trade wind temperature inversion. In contrast, profiles on the west side follow moist adiabatic lapse rates within discrete stable layers, suggesting moist convection sets the humidity structure of even the unsaturated regions around the island. Above the trade wind inversion, the transition from well-mixed boundary layer to free troposphere is characterized by a simple mixing line analysis, so long as the thermodynamic properties of the air mass at CBL top are known. Deviations from the mixing line identify thermodynamic boundaries in the atmospheric profile, which can persist from one day to the next. These findings indicate residual layers form during strong mixing events and regulate vertical moisture transport for multiple days at a time. Basic assumptions that synoptic-scale transport controls isotope ratios at CBL top are therefore not sufficient for describing moisture exchange between the boundary layer and free troposphere in the subtropics.
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