期刊
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
卷 118, 期 20, 页码 11847-11862出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50874
关键词
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资金
- International Space Science Institute in Bern (ISSI)
- World Climate Research Programme
- Toronto SPARC office
- BMBF MIKLIP project ALARM [01LP1130B]
- Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
- European Space Agency
- WGL project TransBrom
- EU [FP7-ENV-2007-1-226224]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Educational Partnership Program Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (NOAA EPP CREST)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- CSA
- Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
- Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)
- National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes)
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France
- ESA
- Academy of Finland [134325]
- NASA's EOS Program in the U.S.
- UK by NERC
- Spanish MINECO [AYA2011-23552]
- EC FEDER funds
- German Aerospace Agency (DLR) [50EE1105]
- DFG Research Unit FOR 1095 Stratospheric Change and its role for Climate Prediction (SHARP) [GZ WE 3647/3-1]
- State of Bremen
- University of Bremen
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [134325, 134325] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
[1] Monthly zonal mean climatologies of atmospheric measurements from satellite instruments can have biases due to the nonuniform sampling of the atmosphere by the instruments. We characterize potential sampling biases in stratospheric trace gas climatologies of the Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) Data Initiative using chemical fields from a chemistry climate model simulation and sampling patterns from 16 satellite-borne instruments. The exercise is performed for the long-lived stratospheric trace gases O-3 and H2O. Monthly sampling biases for O-3 exceed 10% for many instruments in the high-latitude stratosphere and in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, while annual mean sampling biases reach values of up to 20% in the same regions for some instruments. Sampling biases for H2O are generally smaller than for O-3, although still notable in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere and Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. The most important mechanism leading to monthly sampling bias is nonuniform temporal sampling, i.e., the fact that for many instruments, monthly means are produced from measurements which span less than the full month in question. Similarly, annual mean sampling biases are well explained by nonuniformity in the month-to-month sampling by different instruments. Nonuniform sampling in latitude and longitude are shown to also lead to nonnegligible sampling biases, which are most relevant for climatologies which are otherwise free of biases due to nonuniform temporal sampling.
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