Attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity by tocopherols and tocotrienols

Lipopolysaccharicle ([PS) induces host inflammatory responses and tissue injury and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular diseases, and periodontal disease. Antioxidants, particularly vitamin E, have been shown to suppress oxidative stress induced by [PS, but the previous studies with different vitamin E isolorms gave inconsistent results. In the present study, the protective effects of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols on the oxidative stress induced by [PS against human lung carcinoma A549 cells were studied. They suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen formation, lipid peroxidation, induction of inflammatory mediator cytokines, and cell death. Tocopherols were incorporated into cultured cells much slower than tocotrienols but could suppress [PS induced oxidative stress at much lower intracellular concentration than tocotrienols. Considering the bioavailability, it was concluded that alpha-tocopherol may exhibit the highest protective capacity among the vitamin E isolorms against [PS induced oxidative stress. 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.