期刊
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS-US
卷 2, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.4919398
关键词
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资金
- LCLS Ultrafast Science Instruments (LUSI) project - Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
- Helmholtz Association through the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
- PIER Helmholtz Graduate School
- Graduate College GRK 1355 at the University of Hamburg
- Max-Plank-Society
- BMBF [05K13GU7, 05K13GU1]
- SIAS project [01KX0806/01KX0807]
- Swedish research council
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the RISE program
- NSF STC Award [1231306]
Current hard X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources can deliver doses to biological macromolecules well exceeding 1 GGy, in timescales of a few tens of femtoseconds. During the pulse, photoionization can reach the point of saturation in which certain atomic species in the sample lose most of their electrons. This electronic radiation damage causes the atomic scattering factors to change, affecting, in particular, the heavy atoms, due to their higher photoabsorption cross sections. Here, it is shown that experimental serial femtosecond crystallography data collected with an extremely bright XFEL source exhibit a reduction of the effective scattering power of the sulfur atoms in a native protein. Quantitative methods are developed to retrieve information on the effective ionization of the damaged atomic species from experimental data, and the implications of utilizing new phasing methods which can take advantage of this localized radiation damage are discussed. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
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