Achieving photocatalytic hydrogen production from alkaline solution upon a designed mesoporous TiO2-Ni hybrid employing commonly used paper as a sacrificial electron donor

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting, using paper as an electron donor, was achieved upon the use of a hybrid photocatalyst of mesoporous TiO2 decorated with Ni nanoparticles. Through the involvement of a Ni cocatalyst, the separation and migration of photo-generated electrons in TiO2-Ni hybrids were significantly enhanced. The soluble paper in alkaline solution played the role of a sacrificial electron donor by reacting with hydroxyl radicals generated from hole oxidation with OH-. These findings provide an inexpensive route to drive aqueous proton reduction to hydrogen through waste biomass oxidation.