期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 2, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00043
关键词
macrophage; Mycobacteria; tuberculosis; HIV; AIDS; polarization
类别
资金
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- European Union
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- CNRS-ATIP
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer [2010-120-1733]
- ANR [2010-01301]
- ANRS [2010-061]
- Sidaction [AI 22-1-01892]
- Sidaction
In the arms race of host microbe co-evolution, macrophages (M phi s) have been endowed with strategies to neutralize pathogenic challenge while preserving host integrity. During steady-states conditions, M phi s perform multiple house-keeping functions governed by their differentiation state, tissue distribution, and signals from the microenvironment. In response to pathogenic challenge and host mediators, however, M phi s undergo different programs of activation rendering them either pro-inflammatory and microbicidal (M1), or immunosuppressants and tissue repairers (M2). An excessive or prolonged polarization of either program may be detrimental to the host due to potential tissue injury or contribution to pathogenesis. Conversely, intracellular microbes that cause chronic diseases such as tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome exemplify strategies for survival in the host. Indeed, both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) are successful intracellular microbes that thrive in M phi s. Given these microbes not only co-circulate throughout the developing world but each has contributed to prevalence and mortality caused by the other, substantial insights into microbe physiology and host defenses then rest in the attempt to fully understand their influence on M4) polarization. This review addresses the role of M phi polarization in the immune response to, and pathogenesis of, Mtb and HIV.
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