Protective effects of nanoparticulate coenzyme Q10 and curcumin on inflammatory markers and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a possible remedy to diabetic complications

Diabetes and its complications have been linked to increased levels of free radicals and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and to an altered lipid profile. Coenzyme Q(10) and curcumin are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents but are underutilized clinically because of their poor bioavailability when administered orally. We have recently developed poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles in which we have encapsulated coenzyme Q(10) and curcumin to increase the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the antioxidant molecules. These formulations when tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrated protective effects on inflammatory markers as well as lipid metabolism. Coenzyme Q(10) nanoparticulates reduced only C-reactive protein levels, whereas curcumin nanoparticles reduced levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a. Administration of both nanoparticulates resulted in significant reductions of plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Together, these data indicate the promise of coenzyme Q(10) and curcumin in diabetes when delivered through nanoparticulate formulations.