Ecology of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in an agricultural landscape. 2. Home range and movements

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a major predator of Australian wildlife and livestock, but relatively few data exist on fox home-range size and movements in agricultural landscapes. We used radio-telemetry to measure variability in fox home-range size and overlap, and to quantify nightly movements in farmland in south-eastern Australia. Home-range estimates were calculated using the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and Kernel Contours methods. Fourteen foxes were radio-tracked, with home-range size varying from 287 to 3574 ha (mean = 1177 ha, +/- 920 ha (s.d.), n = 10 foxes) based on the 100% MCP and 151-3196 ha (mean = 639 ha, +/- 930 ha (s.d.), n = 10 foxes) based on 95% Kernel. Home-range overlap was greater between subadults than adult foxes; especially at the core home-range level where adult home ranges were virtually exclusive. The average (minimum) area covered by adult foxes during a 12-h nightly period was 383 ha (+/- 347 ha (s.d.), range = 136-1446 ha, n = 4 foxes). The minimum (straight-line) distance travelled by adult foxes during a night was 4.8-16 km (mean = 9.4 km, +/- 3.7 km (s.d.), n = 4 foxes). Through continuous radio-tracking, we found that foxes habitually travel over the same ground when moving between foci of interest. Our results improve understanding of fox ranging behaviour in the agricultural landscapes of southern Australia.