Paper-based solid-state supercapacitors with pencil-drawing graphite/polyaniline networks hybrid electrodes

A simple and low-cost method involving pencil-drawing and electrodeposition is introduced to fabricate graphite/polyaniline hybrid electrodes on paper for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. The as-prepared hybrid electrodes, which are chemically stable, show a low sheet resistance of 32.3 Omega sq(-1) and a high areal capacitance of 355.6 mF cm(-2) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm(-2). The paper-based symmetric supercapacitors assembled by two pencil-drawing graphite/polyaniline networks hybrid electrodes exhibit a volume capacitance of 3.55 F cm(-3) at a current density of 4.57 mA cm(-3), and an energy density of about 0.32 mWh cm(-3) at a power density of 0.054 W cm(-3) normalized to the whole volume of the solid-state device. These encouraging results show their great potential in flexible and solid-state energy storage systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.