期刊
NANO ENERGY
卷 1, 期 3, 页码 401-410出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.03.004
关键词
Energy storage; Batteries; Silicon anode; Nanowire; In-situ transmission electron microscopy
类别
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory LDRD [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 6951379]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUSH L1-001-12]
- Chevron Stanford Graduate Fellowship
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
- National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
- KAUST [KUK-F1-038-02]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
- DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
Applying surface coatings to alloying anodes for Li-ion batteries can improve rate capability and cycle life, but it is unclear how this second phase affects mechanical deformation during electrochemical reaction. Here, in-situ transmission electron microscopy is employed to investigate the electrochemical lithiation and delithiation of silicon nanowires (NWs) with copper coatings. When copper is coated on only one sidewall, the NW bilayer structure bends during delithiation due to length changes in the silicon. Tensile hoop stress causes conformal copper coatings to fracture during lithiation without undergoing bending deformation. In addition, in-situ and ex-situ observations indicate that a copper coating plays a role in suppressing volume expansion during lithiation. Finally, the deformation characteristics and dimensional changes of amorphous, polycrystalline, and single-crystalline silicon are compared and related to observed electrochemical behavior. This study reveals important aspects of the deformation process of silicon anodes, and the results suggest that metallic coatings can be used to improve rate behavior and to manage or direct volume expansion in optimized silicon anode frameworks. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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