Dynachromes - dynamic electrochromic polymers capable of property tuning and patterning via multiple constitutional component exchange

An electrochromic polymer is obtained through a solid state on-substrate constitutional component exchange from a non-electroactive polymer. An additional sequential exchange can be used to pattern the polymer film demonstrating the versatility of this exchange process for postpolymerization property tuning, including functional material preparation and surface patterning for optoelectronic applications.