An in situ element permeation constructed high endurance Li-LLZO interface at high current densities

The construction of a solid/solid SEI is proposed to improve the endurance of LLZO solid electrolytes. Al will spontaneously permeate into LLZO and construct a robust Al enriched SEI by the reaction between Al4Li9 and LLZO, realizing a low interfacial impedance of <1 Omega cm(2), high endurance for 3000 h and a high critical current density of more than 0.9 and 2.3 mA cm(-2) at 25 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively.