Vacuum assisted solution processing for highly efficient Sb2S3 solar cells

In this paper, we employ a vacuum assisted solution process (VASP) for fabricating high efficiency Sb2S3 solar cells. Our study uncovers that the VASP approach is able to fabricate Sb2S3 absorber materials with high crystallinity and phase purity, both contribute to enhanced device performance. By constructing solar cells using TiO2 nanorod arrays as the electron extraction material, the device efficiency is increased from 4.15% to 6.78%, which is among the top efficiencies in all kinds of Sb2S3, Sb-2(S,Se)(3) and Sb2Se3 solar cells.