Vertically oriented polypyrrole nanowire arrays on Pd-plated Nafion® membrane and its application in direct methanol fuel cells

Highly ordered polypyrrole nanowire arrays are constructed via electrochemically polymerizing pyrrole directly on Pd-modified Nafion (R) membrane. A significant enhancement in the performance and durability of directmethanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is observed when such an ordered structure is used as an ordered electrode.