Extremal black holes, nilpotent orbits and the true fake superpotential

Dimensional reduction along time offers a powerful way to study stationary solutions of 4D symmetric supergravity models via group-theoretical methods. We apply this approach systematically to extremal, BPS and non-BPS, spherically symmetric black holes, and obtain their fake superpotential W. The latter provides first order equations for the radial problem, governs the mass and entropy formula and gives the semi-classical approximation to the radial wave function. To achieve this goal, we note that the Noether charge for the radial evolution must lie in a certain Lagrangian submanifold of a nilpotent orbit of the 3D continuous duality group, and construct a suitable parametrization of this Lagrangian. For general non-BPS extremal black holes in N = 8 supergravity, W is obtained by solving a non- standard diagonalization problem, which reduces to a sextic polynomial in W-2 whose coefficients are SU( 8) invariant functions of the central charges. By consistent truncation we obtain W for other supergravity models with a symmetric moduli space. In particular, for the one-modulus S3 model, W2 is given explicitely as the root of a cubic polynomial. The STU model is investigated in detail and the nilpotency of the Noether charge is checked on explicit solutions.