期刊
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
卷 4, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00234
关键词
restriction factors; CIITA; HTLV-1 Tax-1; HTLV-2 Tax-2; viral replication
类别
资金
- Fondazione Cariplo Cellular and molecular basis of human retroviral-dependent pathology [2008-2230]
- Associazione Hallam Ricerca sul Cancro New strategies of tumor vaccination and immunotherapy based on optimized triggering of anti tumor CD4 T cells [AIRC IG 8862]
- Italian Ministry of University and Research project PRIN
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Funding Source: Custom
The activation of CD4(+) T helper cells is strictly dependent on the presentation of antigenic peptides by MHC class 11 (MHC-II) molecules. MHC-II expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by the AIR-1 gene product CIITA (class 11 transactivator). Thus, CIITA plays a pivotal role in the triggering of the adaptive immune response against pathogens. Besides this well known function, we recently found that CIITA acts as an endogenous restriction factor against HTLV-1 (human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1) and HTLV-2 oncogenic retroviruses by targeting their viral transactivators Tax-1 and Tax-2, respectively. Here we review our findings on CIITA-mediated inhibition of viral replication and discuss similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms by which CIITA specifically counteracts the function of Tax-1 and Tax-2 molecules. The dual function of CIITA as a key regulator of adaptive and intrinsic immunity represents a rather unique example of adaptation of host-derived factors against pathogen infections during evolution.
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