期刊
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
卷 202, 期 1, 页码 147-153出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-2119-4
关键词
Basal ganglia; Striatum; Neural mechanism; Inflexibility; Trial and error
资金
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [19800061, 20688001]
- Showa University
- MEXT [15590910, 17022035, 18020027, 20020026]
- CREST at the Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19800061, 15590910, 20020026, 18020027, 17022035, 20688001] Funding Source: KAKEN
A 2 x 8 button-press task is a sequential hand movement task in which subjects are required to press eight pairs of buttons as accurately and quickly as possible. The 2 x 8 task allows us to examine flexible sequential learning, more aptly called sequence-unselective learning. Sequence-unselective learning is observed after repeated experiences with the task, when subjects have shown good progress in learning, with new sequences as well as previously learned ones. Although cognitive inflexibility has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), there have been few studies investigating their flexibility in sequential learning. We examined PD patients' ability for sequence-unselective learning through the use of a 2 x 8 button-press task. In the first session, PD patients and subjects from the control group performed a sequential 2 x 8 task until the learning criterion was fulfilled (Session 1). After 1 month, they participated in other sessions: one involving the learned sequence (Session 2) and another involving the new sequence (Session 3). We found that PD patients made more errors than the normal control subjects only when learning the new sequence (Session 3) (P < 0.01). In Session 3, control subjects reached the learning target with fewer errors than in the Session 1 (normal sequence-unselective learning), whereas the PD patients did not exhibit such an improvement. Our results revealed a sequence-unselective deficit in PD patients. The deficit may help to emphasize the cognitive and physical inflexibility of PD.
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