Microalgae flocculation: Impact of flocculant type, algae species and cell concentration

Flocculation is an effective means of de-watering microalgae. This study was conducted to evaluate how cell type and concentration impact flocculation efficiency. Aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3)) and two cationic starches with degree of substitutions of 0.5 and 0.2 (DS05 and DS02) were used to flocculate cells of Scenedesmus spp., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Schizochytrium limacinum at three cell concentrations. The amount of cells flocculated per mg of flocculant used was 4-28 times greater with the modified starches than with Al-2(SO4)(3). The maximum amount of cells flocculated per mg of flocculant was the greatest for S. limacinum (414 mg cells/mg DS05 and 25.6 mg cells/mg Al-2(SO4)(3)), which had a surface zeta potential of -9.97 mV. The flocs produced by the starches were more concentrated in cells and less prone to disruption than those produced with Al-2(SO4)(3). In general, at high cell concentrations the mass of cells flocculated per unit mass of DS05 and Al-2(SO4)(3) increased for all algae species. Cationic starches, especially those with high degree of substitution, provide an efficient and ecologically friendly way to harvest microalgae for biofuel production. This study achieved the goal of evaluating important factors and conditions that are unique for a particular algae production system in order to most efficiently harvest microalgae by flocculation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.