期刊
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
卷 1, 期 11, 页码 1381-1389出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/sc400117t
关键词
Rice husk; Carbon; Sulfonation; Glycerol; Etherification; Esterification
资金
- FAPESP [2009/07125-8, 2009/07109-2, 2011/146263]
- CAPES-PRODOC [2647/2010]
- CNPq [301578/2008-7, 551070/2010-2, 473481/2010-3]
Sulfonated carbons were prepared from carbonized rice husk and further treatment with sulfuric acid (TC-6M, sulfuric acid 6 mol L-1 under reflux, TC-L, concentrated 96% sulfuric acid under reflux, TC-V, vapor of concentrated 96% sulfuric acid). The catalytic activity of carbons was evaluated in esterification of glycerol with acetic acid (AA) and etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Only the TC-L carbon showed a significant amount of sulfur in its composition (2.2 mmol Cl-1). This catalyst also had the highest total acidity (5.8 mmol g(-1)) and improved the best catalytic performance in glycerol esterification and etherification. In the esterification reaction of glycerol, 90% conversion was observed after 5 h of reaction, with selectivities of 11%, 52%, and 37% to mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, respectively. In the etherification of glycerol, after 4 h of reaction a conversion of 53% was achieved, with 25% selectivity to di-and tri-tert-butylglycerol. Thus, the use of sulfonated carbons in glycerol conversion proved to be an interesting alternative to add value to the production chains of rice and biodiesel by using their byproducts: rice husk and glycerol.
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