期刊
TOXINS
卷 6, 期 8, 页码 2483-2540出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins6082483
关键词
gramicidin A; alpha-hemolysin; anthrax toxin; biosensing; stochastic sensing; ion channel; biological nanopore; protein translocation; targeted toxins; drug delivery; polymer transport
资金
- National Science Foundation [1249199]
- The Catholic University of America
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1249199] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
To intoxicate cells, pore-forming bacterial toxins are evolved to allow for the transmembrane traffic of different substrates, ranging from small inorganic ions to cell-specific polypeptides. Recent developments in single-channel electrical recordings, X-ray crystallography, protein engineering, and computational methods have generated a large body of knowledge about the basic principles of channel-mediated molecular transport. These discoveries provide a robust framework for expansion of the described principles and methods toward use of biological nanopores in the growing field of nanobiotechnology. This article, written for a special volume on. Intracellular Traffic and Transport of Bacterial Protein Toxins., reviews the current state of applications of pore-forming bacterial toxins in small- and macromolecule-sensing, targeted cancer therapy, and drug delivery. We discuss the electrophysiological studies that explore molecular details of channel-facilitated protein and polymer transport across cellular membranes using both natural and foreign substrates. The review focuses on the structurally and functionally different bacterial toxins: gramicidin A of Bacillus brevis, a-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus, and binary toxin of Bacillus anthracis, which have found their. second life. in a variety of developing medical and technological applications.
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