期刊
TOXINS
卷 6, 期 11, 页码 3041-3057出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins6113041
关键词
cyanobacteria; water temperature; Middle East; solar radiation; nutrients
资金
- Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research
- Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
- French Ministry for Higher Education and Research
- French Ministry for Foreign Affairs through the CEDRE program [10 EF 38/L9]
Chrysosporum ovalisporum is a cylindrospermopsin toxin producing cyanobacterium that was reported in several lakes and reservoirs. Its growth dynamics and toxin distribution in field remain largely undocumented. Chrysosporum ovalisporum was reported in 2009 in Karaoun Reservoir, Lebanon. We investigated the factors controlling the occurrence of this cyanobacterium and vertical distribution of cylindrospermopsin in Karaoun Reservoir. We conducted bi-weekly sampling campaigns between May 2012 and August 2013. Results showed that Chrysosporum ovalisporum is an ecologically plastic species that was observed in all seasons. Unlike the high temperatures, above 26 degrees C, which is associated with blooms of Chrysosporum ovalisporum in Lakes Kinneret (Israel), Lisimachia and Trichonis (Greece) and Arcos Reservoir (Spain), Chrysosporum ovalisporum in Karaoun Reservoir bloomed in October 2012 at a water temperature of 22 degrees C during weak stratification. Cylindrospermopsin was detected in almost all water samples even when Chrysosporum ovalisporum was not detected. Chrysosporum ovalisporum biovolumes and cylindrospermopsin concentrations were not correlated (n = 31, r(2) = -0.05). Cylindrospermopsin reached a maximum concentration of 1.7 mu g L-1. The vertical profiles of toxin concentrations suggested its possible degradation or sedimentation resulting in its disappearance from the water column. The field growth conditions of Chrysosporum ovalisporum in this study revealed that it can bloom at the subsurface water temperature of 22 degrees C increasing the risk of its development and expansion in lakes located in temperate climate regions.
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