期刊
PLOS MEDICINE
卷 11, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001713
关键词
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资金
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre
- Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- European Union (ADAMS) [HEALTH-F4-2009-242257]
- Alzheimer's Society
- Alzheimer's Research UK
- European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) [ASTF 440-2011]
- Psychiatry Research Trust
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health) [U01 AG024904]
- DOD ADNI (Department of Defense) [W81XWH-12-2-0012]
- National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Alzheimer's Research UK (ARUK)
- Welsh Assembly Government
- Ulster Garden Villages
- N. Ireland RD Office
- Royal College of Physicians/Dunhill Medical Trust
- Trinity College group
- Bristol Research into Alzheimer's and Care of the Elderly
- Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust
- NIH
- Barnes Jewish Foundation
- Charles and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Research Initiative
- UCLH/UCL Biomedical Centre
- Lundbeck SA
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Competence Network Dementia and Competence Network Degenerative Dementia
- Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung
- National Institutes for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
- EU
- MRC [G0902227, MR/L023784/1, G0801418, MR/K013041/1, MC_U123160651, G1001799] Funding Source: UKRI
- Alzheimers Research UK [ART-PG2010-4, ARUK-PG2014-1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Alzheimer's Society [167] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0801418B, G1001799, MC_U123160651, G0902227, MR/L010305/1, MR/L023784/1, MR/L501517/1, MR/K013041/1, G0801418] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10053] Funding Source: researchfish
Background Although altered lipid metabolism has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) through cell biological, epidemiological, and genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms linking cholesterol and AD pathology are still not well understood and contradictory results have been reported. We have used a Mendelian randomization approach to dissect the causal nature of the association between circulating lipid levels and late onset AD (LOAD) and test the hypothesis that genetically raised lipid levels increase the risk of LOAD. Methods and Findings We included 3,914 patients with LOAD, 1,675 older individuals without LOAD, and 4,989 individuals from the general population from six genome wide studies drawn from a white population (total n=10,578). We constructed weighted genotype risk scores (GRSs) for four blood lipid phenotypes (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using well-established SNPs in 157 loci for blood lipids reported by Willer and colleagues (2013). Both full GRSs using all SNPs associated with each trait at p<5x10(-8) and trait specific scores using SNPs associated exclusively with each trait at p<5x10(-8) were developed. We used logistic regression to investigate whether the GRSs were associated with LOAD in each study and results were combined together by meta-analysis. We found no association between any of the full GRSs and LOAD (meta-analysis results: odds ratio [OR]=1.005, 95% CI 0.82-1.24, p=0.962 per 1 unit increase in HDL-c; OR=0.901, 95% CI 0.65-1.25, p=0.530 per 1 unit increase in LDL-c; OR=1.104, 95% CI 0.89-1.37, p=0.362 per 1 unit increase in triglycerides; and OR=0.954, 95% CI 0.76-1.21, p=0.688 per 1 unit increase in total cholesterol). Results for the trait specific scores were similar; however, the trait specific scores explained much smaller phenotypic variance. Conclusions Genetic predisposition to increased blood cholesterol and triglyceride lipid levels is not associated with elevated LOAD risk. The observed epidemiological associations between abnormal lipid levels and LOAD risk could therefore be attributed to the result of biological pleiotropy or could be secondary to LOAD. Limitations of this study include the small proportion of lipid variance explained by the GRS, biases in case-control ascertainment, and the limitations implicit to Mendelian randomization studies. Future studies should focus on larger LOAD datasets with longitudinal sampled peripheral lipid measures and other markers of lipid metabolism, which have been shown to be altered in LOAD.
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