Formulation strategies for optimizing the morphology of polymeric bulk heterojunction organic solar cells: a brief review

Polymeric bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells represent one of the most promising technologies for renewable energy with a low fabrication cost. Control over BHJ morphology is one of the key factors in obtaining high-efficiency devices. This review focuses on formulation strategies for optimizing the BHJ morphology. We address how solvent choice and the introduction of processing additives affect the morphology. We also review a number of recent studies concerning prediction methods that utilize the Hansen solubility parameters to develop efficient solvent systems. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.