Aortic intracardiac echocardiography-guided septal puncture during mitral valvuloplasty

Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and venous intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) are traditionally used to visualize the interatrial septum (IAS) and the tenting effect of the fossa ovalis in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). The aim of the present study was to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of arterial (intra-aortic) ICE and venous ICE, compared with TEE (traditional approach), in the patients undergoing PBMV. TEE, aortic ICE, and venous ICE were consecutively performed in 50 patients (40 9 years, 86 female). The images of intracardiac structures were obtained from both aortic and right atrial loci. The IAS was visualized using TEE, aortic ICE, and venous ICE. The mean mitral valve area was 1.14 0.2 cm(2), and the mean left atrial volume index was 57.5 12 mL/m(2). The mean size of the visualized septal length was 48 5 mm by TEE, 51 5 mm by aortic ICE, and 33 6 mm by venous ICE. The BlandAltman test indicated that the 95 limits of agreement for the measurement of septal diameter ranged from 11.0 to 5.9 mm (mean 2.5 mm) between TEE and aortic ICE, 2.8 to 33.5 mm (mean 15.3 mm) between TEE and venous ICE, and 36.6 to 0.8 mm (mean 17.9 mm) between venous and aortic ICE. Standard venous ICE generally tended to yield smaller values compared with TEE and aortic ICE for the measurement of septal length. Furthermore, the view of fossa ovalis and tenting effect was optimal in 11 patients on venous ICE; however, the fossa ovalis and tip of the needle were well visualized in all patients on aortic ICE (P 0.001). There were no major complications with the use of aortic ICE. Aortic ICE is a superior alternative to venous ICE and facilitates trans-septal puncture in patients with mitral stenosis.