期刊
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 3, 期 10, 页码 3334-3346出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.680
关键词
Biogeography; climate change; niche models; physiological mechanism; physiological performance; temperature
资金
- NASA [NNX07AF20G, NNX11AP77G]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 1039513, OCE-1129401]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1129401] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0926581] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Modeling the biogeographic consequences of climate change requires confidence in model predictions under novel conditions. However, models often fail when extended to new locales, and such instances have been used as evidence of a change in physiological tolerance, that is, a fundamental niche shift. We explore an alternative explanation and propose a method for predicting the likelihood of failure based on physiological performance curves and environmental variance in the original and new environments. We define the transient event margin (TEM) as the gap between energetic performance failure, defined as CTmax, and the upper lethal limit, defined as LTmax. If TEM is large relative to environmental fluctuations, models will likely fail in new locales. If TEM is small relative to environmental fluctuations, models are likely to be robust for new locales, even when mechanism is unknown. Using temperature, we predict when biogeographic models are likely to fail and illustrate this with a case study. We suggest that failure is predictable from an understanding of how climate drives nonlethal physiological responses, but for many species such data have not been collected. Successful biogeographic forecasting thus depends on understanding when the mechanisms limiting distribution of a species will differ among geographic regions, or at different times, resulting in realized niche shifts. TEM allows prediction of the likelihood of such model failure.
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