Endoscopic Aqueductoplasty and Stenting

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses indications for and the technique of endoscopic aqueductoplasty with stenting. METHODS: We review and summarize the clinical experience with endoscopic aqueductoplasty gained over the last 15 years on pediatric and adult patients. RESULTS: Endoscopic aqueductoplasty with stenting presents a safe procedure. In well selected patients, it provides a long-term, stable clinical course. Aqueductoplasty alone has a high reclosure rate and should be avoided. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueductoplasty with stenting is the procedure of choice for the treatment of isolated fourth ventricle. Membranous and tumor-related aqueductal stenosis should be treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy.