Protein synthesis and secretion in human mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and Wharton's jelly

Introduction: Different mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been successfully isolated and expanded in vitro and nowadays they are tested in clinical trials for a wide variety of diseases. Whether all MSC express the same cell surface markers or have a similar secretion profile is still controversial, making it difficult to decide which stromal cell may be better for a particular application. Methods: We isolated human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) and cultured them in fetal bovine serum supplemented media. We evaluated proliferation, in vitro differentiation (osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential), expression of cell surface markers and protein secretion using Luminex and ELISA assays. Results: Cell proliferation was higher for WJ-MSC, followed by AT-MSC. Differences in surface expression markers were observed only for CD54 and CD146. WJ-MSC secreted higher concentrations of chemokines, pro-inflammatory proteins and growth factors. AT-MSC showed a better pro-angiogenic profile and secreted higher amounts of extracellular matrix components and metalloproteinases. Conclusions: Mesenchymal stromal cells purified from different tissues have different angiogenic, inflammatory and matrix remodeling potential properties. These abilities should be further characterized in order to choose the best protocols for their therapeutic use.