In situ heating TEM observations on carbide formation and α-Fe recrystallization in twinned martensite

The microstructural evolution of twinned martensite in water-quenched Fe-1.6C (wt.%) alloys upon in situ heating was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the as-quenched samples, a high density of a body-centred cubic (bcc) {112} < 111 >-type twinning structure exists in the martensite structure. Upon in situ heating to approximately 200-250 degrees C, carbides (mainly theta-Fe3C cementite) accompanying a detwinning process were observed only in the originally twinned region. The carbides were absent in the originally untwinned (twin-free) region. The experimental results have suggested that the formation of the carbides depends on the twinning-boundary omega-Fe metastable phase, which can be stabilised by interstitial carbon atoms. When the specimens were heated, the twinning-boundary omega-Fe(C) transformed into carbide (mainly theta-Fe3C cementite) particles on the original {112} twinning planes. Further heating resulted in substantial recrystallisation of alpha-Fe fine particles, which formed immediately after martensite transformation. The results presented here should be helpful in understanding the microstructural evolution of various carbon steels.