期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30153-x
关键词
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资金
- UK-NERC [NE/M001458/1, NE/R013527/1]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 716 Research and Innovation Programme under the ShaleXenvironmenT project [640979]
- Chevron
- Schlumberger
- HEFCE through the UK Research Partnership Investment Funding (UKRPIF) Manchester RPIF Round 2
- UK-EPSRC [EP/I02249X/1]
- EPSRC [EP/I02249X/1, EP/M010619/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/M001458/1, NE/R017883/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Pore characterization in shales is challenging owing to the wide range of pore sizes and types present. Haynesville-Bossier shale (USA) was sampled as a typical clay-bearing siliceous, organic-rich, gas-mature shale and characterized over pore diameters ranging 2 nm to 3000 nm. Three advanced imaging techniques were utilized correlatively, including the application of Xe+ plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (plasma FIB or PFIB), complemented by the Ga+ FIB method which is now frequently used to characterise porosity and organic/inorganic phases, together with transmission electron microscope tomography of the nano-scale pores (voxel size 0.6 nm; resolution 1-2 nm). The three pore-size scales each contribute differently to the pore network. Those < 10 nm (greatest number), 10 nm to 100 nm (best-connected hence controls transport properties), and > 100 nm (greatest total volume hence determines fluid storativity). Four distinct pore types were found: intra-organic, organic-mineral interface, inter-mineral and intra-mineral pores were recognized, with characteristic geometries. The whole pore network comprises a globally-connected system between phyllosilicate mineral grains (diameter: 6-50 nm), and locally-clustered connected pores within porous organic matter (diameter: 200-800 nm). Integrated predictions of pore geometry, connectivity, and roles in controlling petrophysical properties were verified through experimental permeability measurements.
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