期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 6, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/srep19124
关键词
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资金
- Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship [DE140100200]
- AmeriFlux (U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program) [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]
- CFCAS
- NSERC
- BIOCAP
- Environment Canada
- NRCan
- CarboEuropeIP
- FAO-GTOS-TCO
- iLEAPS
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
- National Science Foundation
- University of Tuscia
- Universite Laval
- US Department of Energy
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1264808] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Australian Research Council [DE140100200] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor and energetically this accounts for much of incoming solar radiation. If this ET did not occur temperatures would be higher, so understanding ET trends is crucial to predict future temperatures. Recent studies have reported prolonged declines in ET in recent decades, although these declines may relate to climate variability. Here, we used a well-validated diagnostic model to estimate daily ET during 1981-2012, and its three components: transpiration from vegetation (Et), direct evaporation from the soil (E-s) and vaporization of intercepted rainfall from vegetation (E-i). During this period, ET over land has increased significantly (p < 0.01), caused by increases in E-t and E-i, which are partially counteracted by E-s decreasing. These contrasting trends are primarily driven by increases in vegetation leaf area index, dominated by greening. The overall increase in E-t over land is about twofold of the decrease in E-s. These opposing trends are not simulated by most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and highlight the importance of realistically representing vegetation changes in earth system models for predicting future changes in the energy and water cycle.
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