期刊
RSC ADVANCES
卷 3, 期 12, 页码 3990-3995出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22161j
关键词
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资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20963011, 21063014, 21163021]
- Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang [2011211A001, 2010211A09]
The electronic and chemical properties of reduced-graphene oxide (RGO) can be modulated by chemical doping of foreign atoms and functional moieties. In this work, a low-cost industrial material, 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate (AM) was chosen to modify RGO by a facile, catalyst-free thermal annealing approach in largescale. The obtained nitrogen-doped reduced-graphene oxide (N-RGO), as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction, was characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM and electrochemical measurements. It was found that the optimum synthesis conditions were a mass ratio of graphene oxide (GO) and AM equal to 1 : 25 and an annealing temperature of 700 degrees C. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis of the optimum product shows that the atomic percentage of the N-RGO samples can be adjusted up to 10.6%. Electrochemical characterizations clearly demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity of N-RGO toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolytes via a four-electron pathway. The total content of graphitic and pyridinic nitrogen atoms is the key factor to enhance the current density in the electrocatalytic activity for ORR. This simple, cost-effective and scalable approach opens up the possibility for the synthesis of other nitrogen doping materials in gram-scale. It can be applied to various carbon materials for the development of other metal-free efficient ORR catalysts for fuel cell applications and even new catalytic materials for applications beyond fuel cells.
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