Recyclable Pd-graphene catalyst: mechanistic insights into heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis

Pd-graphene, a composite of Pd nanoparticles and exfoliated graphene, was used as a catalyst in organic reactions. In the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, Pd-graphene showed high reusability without aggregation of Pd nanoparticles. The intermediates of the reaction in the liquid phase, Ph-Pd-Br and Ph-Pd-OH, were detected by ESI-MS.