期刊
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 30, 期 4, 页码 381-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2018.06.001
关键词
Risk factors; Epidemiology; Cancer; HPV; Head and neck
Head and neck malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that cause significant morbidity to those affected. These malignancies are associated with specific risk factors and exposures, some of which affect prognosis. The most common risk factors for developing head and neck cancers are tobacco and alcohol use. Marijuana and e-cigarettes, occupational exposures, and use of topical substances have also been linked to head and neck cancers. Human papilloma virus has been associated with oropharyngeal cancer. Measures such as oral hygiene, screening, smoking cessation, and vaccination have been taken to decrease the incidence and morbidity of head and neck cancers.
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