期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 3, 期 12, 页码 1003-1022出版社
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/nu3121003
关键词
beta-carotene; alpha-carotene; lycopene; zeaxanthin; beta-cryptoxanthin; carotenoid; cancer; diabetes; cardiovascular disease
资金
- Hallelujah Acres Foundation
While there have been many studies on health outcomes that have included measurements of plasma carotenoids, this data has not been reviewed and assembled into a useful form. In this review sixty-two studies of plasma carotenoids and health outcomes, mostly prospective cohort studies or population-based case-control studies, are analyzed together to establish a carotenoid health index. Five cutoff points are established across the percentiles of carotenoid concentrations in populations, from the tenth to ninetieth percentile. The cutoff points (mean +/- standard error of the mean) are 1.11 +/- 0.08, 1.47 +/- 0.08, 1.89 +/- 0.08, 2.52 +/- 0.13, and 3.07 +/- 0.20 mu M. For all cause mortality there seems to be a low threshold effect with protection above every cutoff point but the lowest. But for metabolic syndrome and cancer outcomes there tends to be significant positive health outcomes only above the higher cutoff points, perhaps as a triage effect. Based on this data a carotenoid health index is proposed with risk categories as follows: very high risk: <1 mu M, high risk: 1-1.5 mu M, moderate risk: 1.5-2.5 mu M, low risk: 2.5-4 mu M, and very low risk: >4 mu M. Over 95 percent of the USA population falls into the moderate or high risk category of the carotenoid health index.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据