A Novel Fluoride Containing Bioactive Glass Paste is Capable of Re-Mineralizing Early Caries Lesions

White-spot-lesions (WSL) are a common complication associated with orthodontic treatment. In the current study, the remineralization efficacy of a BiominF (R) paste was compared to the efficacy of a fluoride gel. Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 60 human premolars buccal surfaces, which were covered with varnish, except a small treatment area (3 mm(2)). All specimens were challenged by a demineralization solution for 4 days. Specimens were assigned into 4 groups: BiominF (R) paste, Fluoride (4-min application), fluoride (twenty four hours application), and the control (n = 15). After cross-sectioning, enamel slabs having a thickness of approximately 100-120 mu m were obtained. A TMR (Transverse Micro Radiography) technique was used to observe the sub-surface enamel lesions' depth and mineral density, and their response to the remineralization protocols. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the results (alpha = 0.05). The top and the cross-sectional surfaces were observed using SEM/EDS. Results: Specimens treated with BiominF (R) paste showed significant decrease in delta z values, however lesion depth showed no significant difference when compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). SEM/EDS observation showed the formation of crystal like structures on top of enamel demineralized surfaces, when treated with BiominF (R) paste. In conclusion BiominF (R) paste can be considered an effective remineralizing agent for white spot Lesions.