The role of bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells in attenuation of kidney function in rats with diabetic nephropathy

Background: Stem cell therapy holds a great promise for the repair of injured tissues and organs, including the kidney. We studied the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats and the possible paracrine signals that mediate their action. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into controls, DN rats, DN rats receiving MSCs. MSCs were given in a dose of (10(6)cells) by intravenous injection. After 4 weeks, 24 h urinary albumin, serum urea and creatinine concentrations, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl2) and Bax gene expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed. Histopathology staining was performed. Results: MSC therapy significantly improved 24 h urinary albumin, serum urea and creatinine concentrations, increased angiogenic growth factor VEGF, and anti-apoptotic protein bcl2 while decreased the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha, fibrogenic growth factor TGF beta, and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. The histopathology examination showed patchy areas of minimal necrosis and degeneration in renal tubules.