Activation of TAK1 by MYD88 L265P drives malignant B-cell Growth in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Massively parallel sequencing analyses have revealed a common mutation within the MYD88 gene (MYD88(L265P)) occurring at high frequencies in many non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) including the rare lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Using whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing and allele-specific PCR, we validate the initial studies and detect the MYD88(L265P) mutation in the tumor genome of 97% of WM patients analyzed (n = 39). Due to the high frequency of MYD88 mutation in WM and other NHL, and its known effects on malignant B-cell survival, therapeutic targeting of MYD88 signaling pathways may be clinically useful. However, we are lacking a thorough characterization of the role of intermediary signaling proteins on the biology of MYD88(L265P)-expressing B cells. We report here that MYD88(L265P) signaling is constitutively active in both WM and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells leading to heightened MYD88(L265P), IRAK and TRAF6 oligomerization and NF-kappa B activation. Furthermore, we have identified the signaling protein, TAK1, to be an essential mediator of MYD88(L265P)-driven signaling, cellular proliferation and cytokine secretion in malignant B cells. Our studies highlight the biological significance of MYD88(L265P) in NHL and reveal TAK1 inhibition to be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of WM and other diseases characterized by MYD88(L265P).