Filling Effects, Persistence, and Safety of Dermal Fillers Formulated With Stem Cells in an Animal Model

Background: Research is scarce regarding the effectiveness of dermal fillers containing autologous stem cells. Objectives: The authors sought to determine the local and systemic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a component of dermal fillers in an animal model. Methods: Wistar rats were injected with 1 of the following dermal fillers: ADSCs combined with hyaluronic acid (ADSC-HA), ADSCs combined with fish collagen (ADSC-COL), HA alone (CONTROL-HA), or COL alone (CONTROL-COL). Fillers were injected into the glabella, dorsum, and chest of each animal. The ADSCs were labeled with PKH26 to assess cell migration. Filling effects (FEs) were measured immediately after injection and at 1.5 months and 3 months after injection. Skin specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess localization and persistence of ADSCs. Results: Mean FEs in animals implanted with ADSCs were greater and persisted longer than those of controls. No inflammatory responses were observed in any group. Three months after injection, PKH26-positive cells comprised nearly 70% of cells at the injection site in animals treated with ADSC-HA. PKH26 fluorescence also was detected in the spleen but not in the brain, kidney, or lung. Conclusions: Stem cells have the potential to improve the aesthetic effects and longevity of dermal fillers.