期刊
ACS CATALYSIS
卷 4, 期 11, 页码 3957-3971出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cs500923c
关键词
molybdenum; sulfide; hydrogen evolution; electrocatalysis; water splitting; nanomaterials
资金
- Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001060]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
- Carlsberg Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0008685]
- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [7058299]
We discuss recent developments in nanostructured molybdenum sulfide catalysts for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. To develop a framework for performing consistent and meaningful comparisons between catalysts, we review standard experimental methodologies for measuring catalyst performance and define two metrics used in this perspective for comparing catalyst activity: the turnover frequency, an intrinsic activity metric, and the total electrode activity, a device-oriented activity metric. We discuss general strategies for synthesizing catalysts with improved activity, namely, increasing the number of electrically accessible active sites or increasing the turnover frequency of each site. Then we consider a number of state-of-the-art molybdenum sulfide catalysts, including crystalline MoS2, amorphous MoSx, and molecular cluster materials, to highlight these strategies in practice. Comparing these catalysts reveals that most of the molybdenum sulfide catalysts have similar active site turnover frequencies, so the total electrode activity is primarily determined by the number of accessible active sites per geometric electrode area. Emerging strategies to overcome current catalyst limitations and potential applications for molybdenum sulfide catalysts including photoelectrochemical water splitting devices and electrolyzers are also considered.
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