期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 5, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6712
关键词
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资金
- ERK inhibitor [SCH772984]
- EMBO long-term fellowship
- NIH [P01 CA168585]
- American Cancer Society [RSG-12-257-01-TBE]
- Melanoma Research Alliance [20120279]
- NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) UCLA CTSI [UL1TR000124]
- Dutch Cancer Society
- ERC Synergy grant
Increased expression of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) contributes to melanoma progression and resistance to BRAF pathway inhibition. Here we show that the lack of MITF is associated with more severe resistance to a range of inhibitors, while its presence is required for robust drug responses. Both in primary and acquired resistance, MITF levels inversely correlate with the expression of several activated receptor tyrosine kinases, most frequently AXL. The MITF-low/AXL-high/drug-resistance phenotype is common among mutant BRAF and NRAS melanoma cell lines. The dichotomous behaviour of MITF in drug response is corroborated in vemurafenib-resistant biopsies, including MITF-high and -low clones in a relapsed patient. Furthermore, drug cocktails containing AXL inhibitor enhance melanoma cell elimination by BRAF or ERK inhibition. Our results demonstrate that a low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs, and warrant clinical validation of AXL inhibitors to combat resistance of BRAF and NRAS mutant MITF-low melanomas.
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