An acid-free medium growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods arrays and their application in perovskite solar cells

The facile hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays on FTO substrates without the use of acids has been developed. The morphology of the nanorods can be finely tuned by changing the growth parameters, and the potential of the as-made rutile TiO2 nanorods in perovskite solar cells was evaluated, showing power conversion efficiencies up to 11.1%.